Analyzing the Effect of River Ecosystem Fragmentation by Bridges on Changes in the Wintering Population of Whooper Swans (<italic>Cygnus cygnus</italic>): Targeting the Nakdong River, Busan

Background and objective: Fragmentation of river ecosystems is expected to affect biodiversity loss, but bridge construction proceeding without consideration in urban areas. This study was conducted determine the effect internal environmental factors ecosystem fragmentation caused by on population wintering whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) Nakdong River Busan Metropolitan City, a key site for swans.Methods: To compare according distance between bridges, we surveyed analyzed current status period, land cover. One-way ANOVA post-hoc test were confirm whether differences sites, such as cover status, number individuals, statistically significant.Results: 83.6-94.7% lower observed Sec. 2 (Nakdong Estuary Bank-Seobusan Bridge, 5.3 km) Sec.4 (Gamjeon-Iron Bridge-Nakdong Hwaengdansugwan 3.6 km). As feeding resting places used waterside wetlands at an average 1,147.5 m (10.9-2,611.2 m) from bridge.Conclusion: Considering weight male presence young well disturbance noise speed vehicles crossing it necessary maintain least 4 km bridges stable wintering. In addition, since has been confirmed have adverse biodiversity, would be desirable keep intact connected.